CDB20:0002742 FGA — TLR4

Experimentally validated in Human; Orthology-inferred in Rat, Frog, Zebrafish, Chicken, Macaque, Pig, Dog, Cow, Chimp, Horse, Marmoset

Title

Journal:; Year Published:

Abstract

Fibrinogen, an endogenous ligand of Toll-like receptor 4, activates monocytes in pre-eclamptic patients.

Journal of reproductive immunology, 2014; PubMed, Homo sapiens FGA — Homo sapiens TLR4

ABSTRACT: Pre-eclampsia (PE) remains the leading cause of pregnancy-associated mortality and morbidity, urging the need for a better understanding of its aetiology and pathophysiological progression. A key characteristic of PE is a systemic, exaggerated, inflammatory condition involving abnormal cytokine levels in serum, altered immune cell phenotype and Th1/Th2-type immunological imbalance. However, it is unknown how this heightened inflammatory condition manifests. We previously reported increased expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), on monocytes from PE patients compared with normotensive, pregnant patients (NP). This upregulation of TLR4 on PE monocytes was accompanied by a hyper-responsiveness to bacterial TLR4 ligands. To determine whether non-microbial, endogenous TLR4 ligands also activate monocytes from PE patients, we investigated the expression of host-derived TLR4 ligands and the response of monocytes to these endogenous ligands. Plasma levels of fibrinogen - but not fibronectin or heparan sulphate - were higher in PE patients than in NP. Exposure to fibrinogen was associated with significantly increased production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes from PE patients. Interestingly, this effect was not observed with NP monocytes. Our findings suggest that the fibrinogen-TLR4 axis might play an important role in the atypical activation of monocytes observed in PE patients that may contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory condition.

Basic Information on FGA

Ligand Name: fibrinogen alpha chain

Other Symbols: N/A

Ligand Location: secreted based on hpa, perplexity, uniprot

HGNC Gene Symbol Report: FGA

GeneCards: FGA

HGNC Gene Group: Receptor ligands, Fibrinogen C domain containing

Functional Annotations for FGA

Gene Ontologies: PAN-GO, AmiGO 2

Expression Profile: Human Protein Atlas (RNA and protein), Human Cell Atlas (RNA), GEPIA cancer vs normal (RNA), GeneCards (RNA and protein)

Disease Annotations: MalaCards, OMIM, Open Targets Platform, DISEASES (text mining), AI summary (LLM)

Interactions with other Receptors for FGA

FGA — ITGA2B ・ FGA — ITGA5 ・ FGA — ITGAM ・ FGA — ITGAV ・ FGA — ITGAX ・ FGA — ITGB1 ・ FGA — ITGB2 ・ FGA — ITGB3

Basic Information on TLR4

Receptor Name: toll like receptor 4

Other Symbols: hToll, CD284, TLR-4, ARMD10

Receptor Location: cell membrane based on hpa, perplexity, uniprot

HGNC Gene Symbol Report: TLR4

GeneCards: TLR4

HGNC Gene Group: TIR domain containing, CD molecules

Functional Annotations for TLR4

Gene Ontologies: PAN-GO, AmiGO 2

Expression Profile: Human Protein Atlas (RNA and protein), Human Cell Atlas (RNA), GEPIA cancer vs normal (RNA), GeneCards (RNA and protein)

Disease Annotations: MalaCards, OMIM, Open Targets Platform, DISEASES (text mining), AI summary (LLM)

Interactions with other Ligands for TLR4

BGN — TLR4 ・ DEFB4A — TLR4 ・ HSP90B1 — TLR4 ・ HSPA1A — TLR4 ・ S100A8 — TLR4 ・ S100A9 — TLR4 ・ SFTPD — TLR4 ・ ZG16B — TLR4 ・ DCN — TLR4 ・ FGB — TLR4 ・ FGG — TLR4 ・ PRG4 — TLR4 ・ AHSG — TLR4 ・ ANXA2 — TLR4 ・ CCN1 — TLR4 ・ CIRBP — TLR4 ・ CXCL10 — TLR4 ・ FCN2 — TLR4 ・ HMGB1 — TLR4 ・ HP — TLR4 ・ HSPA4 — TLR4 ・ LGALS9 — TLR4 ・ MMP9 — TLR4 ・ NAMPT — TLR4 ・ RBP4 — TLR4 ・ RETN — TLR4 ・ S100A1 — TLR4 ・ S100A12 — TLR4 ・ S100A4 — TLR4 ・ SAA1 — TLR4 ・ SFTPA1 — TLR4 ・ TNC — TLR4 ・ WNT5A — TLR4